69

I tried to truncate a table with foreign keys and got the message:

"Cannot truncate table because it is being referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint".

I read a lot of literature about the problem and thought that I found the solution by using delete 

DELETE FROM table_name DBCC CHECKIDENT (table_name, RESEED, 0)

But I still got an error message:

"The DELETE statement conflicted with the REFERENCE constraint".

When I try to delete with Microsoft Management Studio and execute the previous query 

DELETE FROM table_name DBCC CHECKIDENT (table_name, RESEED, 0)

it doesn't give an error and works properly. I want to delete all information from a table and add new into it, but I don't want to drop and create foreign keys.

Rob
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Peter
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5 Answers5

56

The error means that you have data in other tables that references the data you are trying to delete.

You would need to either drop and recreate the constraints or delete the data that the Foreign Key references.

Suppose you have the following tables

dbo.Students
(
StudentId
StudentName
StudentTypeId
)


dbo.StudentTypes
(
StudentTypeId
StudentType
)

Suppose a Foreign Key constraint exists between the StudentTypeId column in StudentTypes and the StudentTypeId column in Students

If you try to delete all the data in StudentTypes an error will occur as the StudentTypeId column in Students reference the data in the StudentTypes table.

EDIT:

DELETE and TRUNCATE essentially do the same thing. The only difference is that TRUNCATE does not save the changes in to the Log file. Also you can't use a WHERE clause with TRUNCATE

AS to why you can run this in SSMS but not via your Application. I really can't see this happening. The FK constraint would still throw an error regardless of where the transaction originated from.

codingbadger
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  • Thanks, I will try to delete the "child" table first and after it the master. Is it going to work if I use TRUNCATE instead of DELETE. Can you tell me why in MS management studio I can delete the rows from the table with the same query which is giving me error when I try it with application – Peter Sep 23 '10 at 07:56
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    It's far from the "only difference", e.g. truncate can't happen if there are any references at all. And truncate can't happen in a transaction on most systems. And truncate can't happen as part of a stored procedure. And truncate must be in a separate batch in most systems. And truncate can't fire triggers. – Jon Hanna Sep 23 '10 at 11:12
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    @Jon Hanna - Of course, you are correct. I should have really detailed the differences. Maybe wording it "only difference" is misleading. – codingbadger Sep 23 '10 at 11:27
  • In SQL Server you can Truncate in a stored procedure and/ or as part of a transaction. At least in SSMS 2012 and higher. – Mike Apr 26 '17 at 12:59
19

Have you considered applying ON DELETE CASCADE where relevant?

annakata
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12

You are trying to delete a row that is referenced by another row (possibly in another table).

You need to delete that row first (or at least re-set its foreign key to something else), otherwise you’d end up with a row that references a non-existing row. The database forbids that.

Konrad Rudolph
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  • I resolved my problem with delete every row from "child" table and after it delete all rows from "parent" table. But still have some questions :) like "**When I am trying to delete with microsoft management studio and execute the previous query (e.g. DELETE FROM table_name DBCC CHECKIDENT (table_name, RESEED, 0) ) it didn't give an error it worked properly.**" – Peter Sep 23 '10 at 10:57
2

To DELETE, without changing the references, you should first delete or otherwise alter (in a manner suitable for your purposes) all relevant rows in other tables.

To TRUNCATE you must remove the references. TRUNCATE is a DDL statement (comparable to CREATE and DROP) not a DML statement (like INSERT and DELETE) and doesn't cause triggers, whether explicit or those associated with references and other constraints, to be fired. Because of this, the database could be put into an inconsistent state if TRUNCATE was allowed on tables with references. This was a rule when TRUNCATE was an extension to the standard used by some systems, and is mandated by the the standard, now that it has been added.

Jon Hanna
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0

In SQL server go to the database diagram and choose relation properties go to insert and update Specification column make the delete rule set to null

Mohamed Sami Khiari
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