I actually found a solution, but the problem is so odd I want to tell nevertheless.
On Win10 I compiled a little program once with MinGW and VS2012. The VS2012-version worked without issues, but the MinGW-version popped up an UAC warning "Do you want to allow this app from an unknown publisher to make changes to your PC?".
Of course I searched the web, but none of the solutions worked. Even Explorer shows the UAC-shield in the icon of the exe-file.
I finally discovered that if I rename the exe-file the problem disappears.
If the exe-filename contains the substring "patch" (the original filename was "svgpatcher.exe") the UAC-box will come. Without the "patch" even the UAC-shield in the icon disappears immediately.
So Win10 issues warnings depending on the filename!
If you can reproduce - do you have other solutions to the problem?