Check for a key pattern in a dictionary in python

Question

    dict1=({"EMP$$1":1,"EMP$$2":2,"EMP$$3":3})

How to check if EMP exists in the dictionary using python

   dict1.get("EMP##") ??

Answer 1

It's not entirely clear what you want to do.

You can loop through the keys in the dict selecting keys using the startswith() method:

>>> for key in dict1:
...     if key.startswith("EMP$$"):
...         print "Found",key
...
Found EMP$$1
Found EMP$$2
Found EMP$$3

You can use a list comprehension to get all the values that match:

>>> [value for key,value in dict1.items() if key.startswith("EMP$$")]
[1, 2, 3]

If you just want to know if a key matches you could use the any() function:

>>> any(key.startswith("EMP$$") for key in dict1)
True

Answer 2

This approach strikes me as contrary to the intent of a dictionary.

A dictionary is made up of hash keys which have had values associated with them. The benefit of this structure is that it provides very fast lookups (on the order of O(1)). By searching through the keys, you're negating that benefit.

I would suggest reorganizing your dictionary.

dict1 = {"EMP$$": {"1": 1, "2": 2, "3": 3} }

Then, finding "EMP$$" is as simple as

if "EMP$$" in dict1:
    #etc...

Answer 3

You need to be a lot more specific with what you want to do. However, assuming the dictionary you gave:

 dict1={"EMP$$1":1, "EMP$$2":2, "EMP$$3":3}

If you wanted to know if a specific key was present before trying to request it you could:

dict1.has_key('EMP$$1') 
True

Returns True as dict1 has the a key EMP$$1.

You could also forget about checking for keys and rely on the default return value of dict1.get():

dict1.get('EMP$$5',0)
0

Returns 0 as default given dict1 doesn't have a key EMP$$5.

In a similar way you could also use a `try/except/ structure to catch and handle missed keys:

try:
    dict1['EMP$$5']
except KeyError, e:
    # Code to deal w key error
    print 'Trapped key error in dict1 looking for %s' % e

The other answers to this question are also great, but we need more info to be more precise.

Answer 4

There's no way to match dictionary keys like this. I suggest you rethink your data structure for this problem. If this has to be extra quick you could use something like a suffix tree.

Answer 5

You can use in string operator that checks if item is in another string. dict1 iterator returns list of keys, so you check "EMP$$" against of each dict1.key.

dict1 = {"EMP$$1": 1, "EMP$$2": 2, "EMP$$3": 3}

print(any("EMP$$" in i for i in dict1))
# True

# testing for item that doesn't exist
print(any("AMP$$" in i for i in dict1))
# False