The PDF specification ISO 32000-1 clearly states which algorithms may be used in PDFs for interoperability:

The signature related code in Adobe Reader is implemented along the lines of this specification, its successor ISO 32000-2 (which still is work-in-progress), and the ETSI PAdES specifications. Neither of those mentions any GOST algorithm. Thus, by default Adobe Reader does not support GOST.
If you need Adobe Reader to support such non-standard signatures (non-standard in respect to their use in PDFs), you can implement an Acrobat plug-in signature handler enabling it to work with GOST. Of course you still have to roll out the handler to your users.
In the (old) Technical Note #5192 the Acrobat Digital Signature API (which your signature handler would have to interact with) is documented.
Beware, to use an own signature handler in the free Acrobat Reader, you will probably need to buy a specific code signing key from Adobe
By the way, GOST might not be your only problem, Adobe Reader only supports a very limited set of curves for elliptic curve cryptography, and according to your previous question you are interested in ECGOST signatures.