Issue may be due to having another package with the same method name, obfuscating the raster extract method.
The tidyr package has an extract method which may conflict with raster's extract method.
Confirm by checking libraries loaded by doing:
>search()
[1] ".GlobalEnv" **"package:tidyr"** "package:dplyr"
[4] "package:rgeos" "package:ggplot2" "package:RColorBrewer"
[7] "package:animation" "package:rgdal" "package:maptools"
[10] **"package:raster"** "package:sp" "tools:rstudio"
[13] "package:stats" "package:graphics" "package:grDevices"
[16] "package:utils" "package:datasets" "package:methods"
[19] "Autoloads" "package:base"
you can also check which extract method is being loaded by typing name of function without brackets (as below, the environment will tell you which package is being used):
> extract
function (data, col, into, regex = "([[:alnum:]]+)", remove = TRUE,
convert = FALSE, ...)
{
col <- col_name(substitute(col))
extract_(data, col, into, regex = regex, remove = remove,
convert = convert, ...)
}
<environment: namespace:tidyr>
To resolve the error just unload the offending package, in RStudio you can use the following command:
>.rs.unloadPackage("tidyr")
and re-execute the raster extract method:
>jpnpe <- extract(jpnp, jpnb, fun = mean, na.rm = T)