This question may looks like little dump. sorry about it.
I saw Now day routers communicate few Gbps. but now day mcu's running speed lower than 4 GHz per second. Please explain How do they do this magic.
This question may looks like little dump. sorry about it.
I saw Now day routers communicate few Gbps. but now day mcu's running speed lower than 4 GHz per second. Please explain How do they do this magic.
No magic at all :) They use specialized hardware which is only controlled by a (sometimes) small processor. So, they don't have to process every bit and byte but only tell the specialized hardware how to handle those bytes.
Take a look at a policeman standing in the middle of a crossing. He (the controller) just has to signal the drivers (specialized hardware) when and where to go. They handle the rest of it.
Also this hardware could use parallelization in data processing, meaning it could handle many bytes within one cycle, multiplying the throughput in comparison to the actual speed.
And: We have hybrid technology now where you have a cpu and specialized hardware modules on the same chip (like a microcontroller with rs232, spi and ethernet support). Same thing.
Hope this helps!