Apparently, other people also had an issue with this junit version shipped with maven-archetype-quickstart so they filed a Jira issue, which was solved in the archetype version 1.2.
Since that version is not in the default Maven Archetype Catalog, the next task is to find an archetype catalog with the maven-archetype-quickstart 1.2 version and use that catalog for your mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DarchetypeCatalog=http://your.updated.catalog
command.
EDIT: Apparently, according to this answer, you can also create your custom archetype based on a project's POM and then install it in your local archetype catalog.