For the standard Java EE deployment descriptor elements, that follows the servlet 3.0 specification, you can address, for instance, Oracle's Weblogic 12c web.xml docs.
Furthermore, for the missing sub-elements that aren't contemplated in the documentation mentioned above, I'd suggest you to give a look to the web-common_3_0.xsd file, which is the common XML Schema for the Servlet 3.0 deployment descriptor (...) in turn used by web.xml and web-fragment.xml web application's war file.
Event though it will force you to read XML, in this file you may check all the elements, as well as their sub-elements, that can be used in web.xml deployment descriptor as, for instance, the cookie-config
:
<xsd:element name="cookie-config"
type="javaee:cookie-configType"
minOccurs="0">
<xsd:annotation>
<xsd:documentation>
The cookie-config element defines the configuration of the
session tracking cookies created by this web application.
</xsd:documentation>
</xsd:annotation>
</xsd:element>