I'm not really sure how to phrase this question.
I'm looking for a way to calculate the new X/Y/Z point on the surface of a sphere(which has a known radius) from an known X/Y/Z point where the Y has been increased irrelevantly to the sphere. If I can get the radius of the plane of this Y within the sphere then this would be enough but I'm having a hard time visualizing this.
The closer the Y is to the top of the sphere, the greater the change in the radius. But I'm unsure how to calculate the radius of this circle on the plane within the sphere based only on the radius of the sphere and the height increased from the center.
In this image, if the bottom green slab is at Y=0; and the second is at Y=5 and the radius of the sphere is 10, what's the radius of the circle where the top green slab intercepts the circle.