Update:
Seems you can now create a default bucket in the new console too by visiting your app engine's application settings in the cloud console https://console.cloud.google.com/appengine/settings?project=

Original:
You're getting NONE
because by default there's no longer a default bucket
About default Cloud Storage buckets
Applications created using the old App Engine console could use a
default Cloud Storage bucket, which had free quota and didn't require
billing to be enabled for the app. These applications continue to work
as before in the Google Cloud Platform Console.
However, new App Engine projects created in the Google Cloud Platform
Console don't have a default Cloud Storage bucket. Instead you must
use a standard Cloud Storage bucket as described above.
But since you manually created the bucket, you will already have its name and so can probably skip app_identity.get_default_gcs_bucket_name()
and hardcode the bucket name or call it from a config variable, etc, etc.
You can then use the gcloud-python lib to upload files to your bucket:
from gcloud import storage
client = storage.Client()
bucket = client.get_bucket('<bucket-name>')
my_file = bucket.blob('/path/to/be/saved/in/bucket')
my_file.upload_from_filename(filename='/path/to/local/file')
You'll have to vendor the gcloud lib if you're doing this on app engine.
All that said and done if you still want the old behaviour of getting the default bucket which is in the format <project-id.appspot.com>
, you can follow GAEfan's answer, in short:
Go to the old console, appengine.google.com > Application Settings > Cloud Integration > Create