I am automating the creation of Gmail drafts in Python using the Gmail API. I am required to create HTML-formatted emails, but I also personally require creating a plaintext fallback, because it's the Right Thing To Do.
I thought I had all of the above working, until I tried making the plaintext fallback a little different from the HTML. It seems that Google takes it upon itself to create the plaintext fallback for me, rather than using the one I provide, so if my html body is <HTML><BODY>HTML Body</BODY></HTML> and my plaintext body is Plaintext body, the final plaintext body will be HTML Body, discarding the plaintext I provided.
My question: Does anyone know a way to get the Gmail API to use the plaintext I provide, rather than auto-generating the fallback for me?
One relevant item I've noticed: if I attach the HTML and Plaintext bodies in a different order, the reverse happens - GMail will automatically generate an HTML body based on my plaintext. So it seems like it's only paying attention to the last attached body.
Stripped down version of the code I'm using:
import base64
import os
import httplib2
import oauth2client
from oauth2client import client
from oauth2client import tools
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from pathlib import Path
from apiclient import errors
from apiclient import discovery
SCOPES = 'https://mail.google.com/'
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = 'client_id.json'
APPLICATION_NAME = 'Test Client'
def get_credentials():
home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~')
credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials')
if not os.path.exists(credential_dir):
os.makedirs(credential_dir)
credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir, 'gmail-python-quickstart.json')
store = oauth2client.file.Storage(credential_path)
credentials = store.get()
if not credentials or credentials.invalid:
flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)
flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME
if flags:
credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store, flags)
else: # Needed only for compatibility with Python 2.6
credentials = tools.run(flow, store)
print('Storing credentials to ' + credential_path)
return credentials
def CreateDraft(service, user_id, message_body):
message = {'message': message_body}
draft = service.users().drafts().create(userId=user_id, body=message).execute()
return draft
def CreateTestMessage(sender, to, subject):
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = to
plain_text = "Text email message. It's plain. It's text."
html_text = """\
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<p>HTML email message</p>
<ol>
<li>As easy as one</li>
<li>two</li>
<li>three!</li>
</ol>
<p>Includes <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/">linktacular</a> goodness</p>
</body>
</html>
"""
# Swapping the following two lines results in Gmail generating HTML
# based on plaintext, as opposed to generating plaintext based on HTML
msg.attach(MIMEText(plain_text, 'plain'))
msg.attach(MIMEText(html_text, 'html'))
print('-----\nHere is the message:\n\n{m}'.format(m=msg))
encoded = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(msg.as_string().encode('UTF-8')).decode('UTF-8')
return {'raw': encoded}
def main():
credentials = get_credentials()
http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())
service = discovery.build('gmail', 'v1', http=http)
my_address = 'example@gmail.com' # Obscured to protect the culpable
test_message = CreateTestMessage(sender=my_address,
to='example@gmail.com',
subject='Subject line Here')
draft = CreateDraft(service, my_address, test_message)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Update: Here are example gists of what I'm sending to Gmail vs what gets sent from Gmail, in both the HTML-then-plaintext and the plaintext-then-HTML orders (which generate different results)
