Pega does provide several options for accessing your data, business rules, or cases using a service although the implementation will vary depending on the version of Pega you are using.
There are service rules within Pega that allow you to create REST or SOAP services (also HTTP, JMS, EJB, etc) without having to write any code. You would define a new service rule, specify the request parameters, the activity to be run upon invocation, and the response values.
The service activity is where you will specify what business rules you want to interact with.
With the most recent versions of Pega (7.1.8+) there are out of the box APIs that may meet your needs without having to build the service.
There is more information and a detailed walkthrough available in the Pega documentation (PDN).