Not exactly sure what you are asking here. If you do not want Task A to run longer than 10ms, and you know that you will return from your communication functions in less than that, you can take a time reading at the beginning of Task A, and call osThreadYield() from Task A after you hit 10ms (busy loop).
If you are somewhere in Task B, and need to call Task A in exactly 10ms, it becomes a bit more complicated, since you don't know what thread can preempt your Task B at that time. What you can try, is in Task B, keep a handle to Task A. Then when you are ready to wait 10ms, do the following:
osThreadId id;
id = osThreadGetId (); // id for the currently running thread
osThreadSetPriority(id, osPriorityRealtime); // Make sure we get back here quickly
osWait(10); // Wait 10ms
osThreadSetPriority(id, osPriorityNormal); // Go back to normal
// If you need to create Task A, do so here, otherwise you can
// use osSignalSet here and osSignalWait in Task A
You can also call directly create Task A, set its priority to osPriorityRealtime, yield from Task B, and have the first method in Task A be osWait(10). As soon as you return, set its priority back to normal.