Data Binding Android - Type parameter T has incompatible upper bounds : ViewDataBinding and MainActivity

Question

I am using Android Studio 2.0 Preview 4. I'm using Android SDK tools 25 rc1. This error persists no matter how many times I clean / rebuild project. File->Invalidate Caches and restart also doesn't work. I'm not able to run the most basic example of data binding.

build.gradle file

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 23
    buildToolsVersion "23.0.2"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.chiragshenoy.myapplication"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 23
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }

    dataBinding {
        enabled = true
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:design:23.1.1'
}

MainActivity.java

package com.example.chiragshenoy.myapplication;

import android.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        MainActivity binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
        User user = new User("Test", "User");
        binding.setUser(user);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <data>
        <variable name="user" type="com.example.chiragshenoy.myapplication.User"/>
    </data>
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{user.firstName}"/>
        <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{user.lastName}"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</layout>

this is my top level build.gradle file

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.0.0-alpha3'

        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

What is your `Gradle` Version? (Not Plugin version) Can be found in `app` (Right Click) -> `Open Module Settings` -> `Project`) — yennsarah, Dec 21 '15 at 13:21
I found this issue when I updated the android plugins and Gradle and simply invalidate the cache and restart resolved it. — DevChamp, Feb 26 '20 at 07:53

score 235 · Accepted Answer · edited May 21 '16 at 16:15

235

If your gradle version is ok (1.5+) then you should try this:

Go to your "some_layout.xml"
Click right -> Refactor -> Rename (or SHIFT + F6)
Rename your layout to "some_layout2.xml" for example
Rename this file back to the original "some_layout.xml"

This might fix the problem. Let us know.

edited May 21 '16 at 16:15

Martin Gottweis

2,721
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answered May 21 '16 at 15:10

Felipe Gualberto

2,389
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1

worked after renaming. This kind of bug should be solved immediately. – Sayem Aug 04 '16 at 07:28
I upgraded to gradle 2.2.3 and this bug showed up for me. The fix above worked for me! I guess this causes the IDE to properly re-generate the code. – Someone Somewhere Dec 11 '16 at 16:09
5

Worked for me, but why does this issue occur? And why doesn't it go away if I clean and rebuild the project? – Alexander Pacha Feb 02 '17 at 09:20
2

This bug is still occurring with the Android Gradle plugin: 2.3.0-beta4. – Colin White Feb 12 '17 at 01:16
what kind of Bug is this? – Anurag Shrivastava Feb 22 '18 at 18:37
Unfortunately this is happening for very long time, Google should update this – Saad Bilal Feb 06 '19 at 14:06
i got this error from all of my layouts but when i renamed one all others fixed too! – arsalanelec Feb 21 '19 at 04:33
This crazy bug :(( Worked for me too. But why there is still such an awkward issue! – Elnaz May 01 '19 at 12:50
Works like charm. – Odai A. Ali Jul 04 '19 at 14:16
Android Studio 3.5 stable version google hasn't fixed this bug. – Bek Aug 23 '19 at 14:30
life saving and weird :/ . Thanks – Bahadir Gul Sep 25 '19 at 12:21
I just deleted all build folders manually and the problem was gone. For me it happened after android studio updated itself. – Tanasis Oct 13 '19 at 16:57
This just happened again after the latest Gradle update. This fix still works. – c.dunlap Nov 05 '19 at 15:39
Still happening as of 2020, and this solution still works – Chisko Jan 03 '20 at 23:53
It is 2020 and I'm running AS 3.5.3 stable version n still run into this bug but your fix worked – Tonnie Jan 25 '20 at 18:03
Invalidate cache and restart fixed the issue in my case – nonabhai Feb 22 '20 at 05:18
I wonder what you were doing to come up with this solution lol. It is so out of the ordinary – TheRealChx101 May 23 '20 at 20:59
Oh my God, Google - really ? – Josef Vancura Nov 02 '20 at 15:54
This does not work for me and the problem still persists – VanessaF Jan 27 '21 at 21:44

score 41 · Answer 2 · edited May 23 '17 at 12:34

41

This solution worked for me "File -> Invalidate Caches / Restart" https://stackoverflow.com/a/32191257/2205809

edited May 23 '17 at 12:34

Community

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answered Mar 16 '17 at 03:18

Andrew Kelly

2,180
2
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Weiqi.Xie · Answer 3 · 2019-10-21T10:57:48.463

6

There is a simple solution.

click "File" on toolbar of android studio
click "Invalidate Caches and Restart", then it works.

Hope this answer will help you.

edited Oct 21 '19 at 10:57

answered Oct 21 '19 at 07:00

Weiqi.Xie

61
1
3

Welcome to SO! When you post an answer try to explain it a little bit, furthermore in your case, you are giving an answer again an image not attached. Even if it is right. – David García Bodego Oct 21 '19 at 07:22

score 6 · Answer 4 · answered Dec 16 '20 at 16:22

I fixed this error by surrounding my xml layout file with the <layout> tag

your_layout.xml file should look something like

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

<androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
        android:id="@+id/view_textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</layout>

This worked for me.

This was my problem too. – Plamen Vasilev May 05 '23 at 08:17 — Plamen Vasilev, May 05 '23 at 08:17

score 5 · Answer 5 · answered Dec 22 '15 at 05:31

5

You should use:

ActivityMainBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);

In onCreate

MainActivity isn't the generated Binding class.

answered Dec 22 '15 at 05:31

George Mount

20,708
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score 4 · Answer 6 · edited May 23 '17 at 12:26

4

I just thought based on Felipe Gualberto's Answer and I got solution difference way.

If you have written multiple views with the same id in different XML then make it unique.

Thank you.

edited May 23 '17 at 12:26

Community

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answered Jan 20 '17 at 09:41

Pratik Butani

60,504
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score 3 · Answer 7 · answered May 04 '16 at 10:58

One of the quickest hack i use is rename the xml file back and to.

e.g.

rename abc_layout.xml to abc_layout2.xml. once the binding import shows error rename it back to abc_layout.xml.

the short cut to rename is shift + F6. its way quicker that entire project rebuild. this will only remove error from one file though.

score 3 · Answer 8 · edited Jul 17 '18 at 17:10

By default, a Binding class will be generated based on the name of the layout file, converting it to Pascal case and suffixing "Binding" to it. The above layout file was main_activity.xml so the generate class was MainActivityBinding. The problem is you are trying to create binding class manually.

This class holds all the bindings from the layout properties (e.g. the user variable) to the layout's Views and knows how to assign values for the binding expressions. The easiest means for creating the bindings is to do it while inflating. No need to restart the Android Studio.

Anil Chandra Varma Dandu · Answer 9 · 2015-12-19T08:09:40.493

2

in top level Build.Gradle file use gradle 1.5.0 or above

 dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.5.0'
}

if it is lower than 1.5.0 then use this one also in top level gradle file

        classpath "com.android.databinding:dataBinder:1.0-rc4"

edited Dec 19 '15 at 08:09

answered Dec 19 '15 at 07:53

Anil Chandra Varma Dandu

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He already seems to be using 1.5+ .. I don't think that's the problem here. – Shubham Kanodia Dec 19 '15 at 08:10
tried 1.5.0 also. That too is not working. same error. – Chirag Shenoy Dec 19 '15 at 08:25

score 2 · Answer 10 · answered Jun 18 '19 at 12:26

2

Just try to Invalidate caches/Restart from File. This worked for me.

answered Jun 18 '19 at 12:26

Rushi Ayyappa

2,708
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score 2 · Answer 11 · answered Jun 30 '19 at 03:41

2

I'm also getting the same problem after Migrating my existing project to AndroidX and i solve it by doing below things

Build -> Clean Project
Build -> Rebuild Project

After that

File -> Invalidate Caches/Restart...

answered Jun 30 '19 at 03:41

Ketan Ramani

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score 1 · Answer 12 · answered Sep 14 '18 at 11:37

1

Do this

ActivityMainBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);

Instead of

MainActivity binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);

answered Sep 14 '18 at 11:37

Khemraj Sharma

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score 0 · Answer 13 · answered Aug 03 '19 at 07:16

Check the name of the binding class, here ActivityMainInitBinding is generated based on the xml file activity_mail_init.xml. If you use wrong class the error pops up.

  val binding : ActivityMainInitBinding=
        DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main_init)

score 0 · Answer 14 · answered Sep 09 '19 at 16:23

After migrating to AndoridX, You need to remove old v4 or v7 widgets from the XMl .For ex - you need to replace if you are using some AppCompat widget like

<android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatTextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:textSize="11sp"
                android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
                android:tag="showMore"/>

Replace it with andoridx widget

  <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
                android:id="@+id/txt_summary_desc_more"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:textSize="11sp"
                android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
                android:text="Read More"/>

Worked well for me.

score 0 · Answer 15 · answered Sep 20 '19 at 15:30

The refresh is of no use if it continues to give errors. When there are these errors it is likely that in your xml file there is a problem that the compiler did not show you when creating the layout. In fact, it may happen that this error is visible only in its "debug" folder. If an error of this type should occur, just follow the error in the debug folder and correct it from the original file. In my case the error was two duplicates of

xmlns: app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

that I couldn't see

score 0 · Answer 16 · answered Jan 16 '20 at 09:50

0

Delete module level build folder and re-open your project.

answered Jan 16 '20 at 09:50

Ashwin Nirmale

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score 0 · Answer 17 · answered Apr 13 '20 at 10:51

0

I was getting this error because i missed the tag in view xml, which is not the case here.

answered Apr 13 '20 at 10:51

blitzkerig_brogrammer

21
2

Data Binding Android - Type parameter T has incompatible upper bounds : ViewDataBinding and MainActivity

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