The dot for a given sector will be positioned at a point (xd,yd) on the circumference half ways between the sector's (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) points. Calculating the dot's position (xd,yd) will be similar to calculating the sector's (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) but with an angle that is half ways between the anlges used for calculating (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). If you wish to place text near the dot and outside the circle then calculating the text's position (xt,yt) will be similar to calculating the dot's position (xd,yd) but with a larger radius. For example, the existing addSector() function could be modified to...
function addSector() {
sector++;
group.clear();
paper.clear();
var start = 0;
var angle = 360 / sector;
var col = 0;
var x1;
var y1;
var x2;
var y2;
var xd;
var yd;
var xt;
var yt;
var i;
var path;
var dot;
var text;
var textPadding = 15;
for (i = 0; i < sector; i++) {
x1 = Math.round((x + Math.cos(start * Math.PI / 180) * radius) * 100) / 100;
y1 = Math.round((y + Math.sin(start * Math.PI / 180) * radius) * 100) / 100;
x2 = Math.round((x + Math.cos((start + angle) * Math.PI / 180) * radius) * 100) / 100;
y2 = Math.round((y + Math.sin((start + angle) * Math.PI / 180) * radius) * 100) / 100;
path = paper.path("M" + x + "," + y + " L" + x1 + "," + y1 + " A" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 0 1 " + x2 + "," + y2 + "z");
path.attr({"fill": colors[col], "stroke" : null});
group.push(path);
col++;
if (col == colors.length) col = 0;
start += angle;
}
for (i = 0; i < sector; i++) {
start = i * angle;
xd = Math.round((x + Math.cos((start + angle / 2) * Math.PI / 180) * radius) * 100) / 100;
yd = Math.round((y + Math.sin((start + angle / 2) * Math.PI / 180) * radius) * 100) / 100;
dot = paper.circle(xd, yd, 5);
dot.attr({"fill": "#FFFFFF", "stoke": "#000000"});
xt = Math.round((x + Math.cos((start + angle / 2) * Math.PI / 180) * (radius + textPadding)) * 100) / 100;
yt = Math.round((x + Math.sin((start + angle / 2) * Math.PI / 180) * (radius + textPadding)) * 100) / 100;
text = paper.text(xt, yt, i.toString());
}
}