Per Nathans suggestion, I ran the SQL profiler and compiled those queries into a single one to suit my needs.
This query will give the status of the most recent run of any maintenance plan which includes the current database:
SELECT
mp.name AS [MTX Plan Name],
msp.subplan_name AS [Sub Plan Name],
mpl.start_time AS [JobStart],
mpl.end_time AS [JobEnd],
mpl.succeeded AS [JobSucceeded]
FROM
msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_plans mp
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_subplans msp ON mp.id = msp.plan_id
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_log mpl ON msp.subplan_id = mpl.subplan_id
AND mpl.task_detail_id = -- Get the most recent run for this database
(SELECT TOP 1 ld.task_detail_id
FROM msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_logdetail ld
WHERE ld.command LIKE ('%['+db_name()+']%')
ORDER BY ld.start_time DESC)
This works best with maintenance plans generated by the wizard.
Ad-hoc plans do not always include the command for filtering.
But the table linking still works.