Possible duplicate of hadoop vs teradata what is the difference.
The main advantage of Hadoop system is scalability with commodity hardware.
As pointed out by @dnoeth in comments. Teradata also scales out similar to Hadoop. But it can only scale out using expensive servers. However Hadoop systems can scale out using any commodity hardware (more commonly available less expensive hardware).
In pioneer days they used oxen for heavy pulling, and when one ox couldn’t budge a log,
they didn’t try to grow a larger ox. We shouldn’t be trying for bigger computers, but for
more systems of computers.
—Grace Hopper
Hadoop Advantages
- Fault tolerance provided as part of the system. Graceful degradation, and data availability taken care of.
- Individual nodes in the cluster can vary in their capacities.
- Flexibility to add/remove nodes from cluster without shutting the cluster down.
Hadoop Disadvantages
- It is batch processing system with high throughput and high latency.
- Hadoop distributed file system doesn't allow modifying existing files.
- Performance is very poor if used for small data.