You can do this:
/Patient/1/$everything, however that's not really a compartment based search. It's a resource-instance specific operation that depends on the existence of compartments to function - it says "find me everything in this patient's compartment"
For compartment based search, you'll either have this:
/[compartment]/[id]/[type] (e.g. /Patient/1/Condition) if you want all records of the specified type within the compartment
or this
/[compartment]/[id]/[type]?[parameters] (e.g. /Patient/1/Condition?category=diagnosis) if you want to further filter the records.
id isn't a parameter, it's identify the compartment. In the example above, you're saying "I want the conditions that belong to patient 1". There's no difference between the following two queries:
/Patient/1/Condition
/Condition?patient=1
The only reason we support compartments is that some systems like to do logic or security based on URL. Nesting queries beneath a selected Patient or Practitioner, etc. lets them do that.