customData can be used as an aggregation of a control that extends sap.ui.core.Element. Custom data are generally used as HTML data-* Attributes.
For example:
var oTextEdit= new sap.ui.commons.TextField({
//Properties
});
var oCustomData =new sap.ui.core.CustomData({
key : "fieldID",
value : "textfield1"
});
var oCustomDataEntyID =new sap.ui.core.CustomData({
key : "entitypropertyid",
value : "username"
});
oTextEdit.addCustomData(oCustomData);
oTextEdit.addCustomData(oCustomDataEntyID);
var aAllCustomData = oTextEdit.getCustomData();
$.each(aAllCustomData,function(index){
console.log(aAllCustomData[index].key +" : "+aAllCustomData[index].value)
});
https://openui5.hana.ondemand.com/#docs/api/symbols/sap.ui.core.Element.html