Crux : You cannot modify scss rules properties inside the inspect element panel of chrome devtools. However, we can edit the source files (sass/scss) inside source panel of the chrome using chrome workspaces.
I had a the same problem. I had to scratch my head for a whole day to figure it out the problem and make my sass/scss editable in the browser.Here it goes:
1.) Sourcemaps are meant for referencing your source files not editing your source files (sass/scss) so that you can debug your code.
i.e we can refer the the exact line which caused our compiled css rule but not edit it
2.) Chrome does it right by immediately replacing your scss rules with compiled css because chrome works with css. It doesn't compile your scss.
Also When you make any change to the css rule, this rule is also modified in the source file (.css ) also in chrome sources tab. That means the changes we make in the inspector are directly mapped with our css files.
For eg: when I change some property in the inspector it is also changed in the css source file.
Initially
- Inspector

- Source File

After Changing the property
- Inspector

- Source File

3.) Regarding Firefox, you might be thinking its working in the case of firefox but i think its a bit misleading. Its misleading because firefox doesn't change anything in any source file ( neither css nor scss ) so we don't know what they actually did, whether they actually compiled our scss file or they used css under the hood.
- When I say source files it means files present in the source panel of the chrome and style editor in the firefox
4.) Finally, If you really want to edit you sass/scss files on the fly in the source panel of the chrome you've got to look into chrome workspaces. But then again you wont be able to make changes to scss rules properties in the inspect elements tab.
** Again, using chrome workspaces doesn;t actually compiles our scss into css in the browser what actually happens is that the browser maps our files ( in source tab ) to system files ( sort of makes the browser our code editor )