We are using Okta as IDP for Microsoft Office 365 and a PHP based web application. From PHP we need to do REST API calls to fetch the sharepoint content by using Okta Authentication Token for authentication.
So as per the http://www.threewill.com/wp-content/uploads/MSOnlineAuthentication.png, it is possible to send SAML assertions to Microsoft online STS to get the auth token, which can be used to get the authentication cookies from sharepoint. When we pass Okta assertion to Microsoft online STS, it is raising WebSSO invalid assertion. Could not find the exact reason why the assertion is not valid.
The SOAP Envelop used to send to microsoft online STS is
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing" xmlns:u="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd">
<s:Header>
<a:Action s:mustUnderstand="1">
http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/02/trust/RST/Issue
</a:Action>
<a:ReplyTo>
<a:Address>http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing/anonymous</a:Address>
</a:ReplyTo>
<a:To s:mustUnderstand="1">https://login.microsoftonline.com/extSTS.srf</a:To>
<o:Security xmlns:o="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" xmlns:saml2p="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" s:mustUnderstand="1">
<o:SecurityTokenReference xmlns:saml2="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">
<o:Embedded>
<saml2:Assertion xmlns:saml2="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" ID="id29170470933790951475177561" IssueInstant="2015-04-27T22:35:53.492Z" Version="2.0">
<saml2:Issuer xmlns:saml2="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity">http://www.okta.com/issueID</saml2:Issuer>
<ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
<ds:SignedInfo>
<ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/>
<ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/>
<ds:Reference URI="#id29170470933790951475177561">
<ds:Transforms>
<ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature"/>
<ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#">
<ec:InclusiveNamespaces xmlns:ec="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#" PrefixList="xs"/>
</ds:Transform>
</ds:Transforms>
<ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/>
<ds:DigestValue>...</ds:DigestValue>
</ds:Reference>
</ds:SignedInfo>
<ds:SignatureValue>
...
</ds:SignatureValue>
<ds:KeyInfo>
<ds:X509Data>
<ds:X509Certificate>
...
</ds:X509Certificate>
</ds:X509Data>
</ds:KeyInfo>
</ds:Signature>
<saml2:Subject xmlns:saml2="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">
<saml2:NameID Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:transient">email@example.com</saml2:NameID>
<saml2:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">
<saml2:SubjectConfirmationData InResponseTo="" NotOnOrAfter="2015-04-27T22:40:53.492Z" Recipient=""/>
</saml2:SubjectConfirmation>
</saml2:Subject>
<saml2:Conditions xmlns:saml2="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" NotBefore="2015-04-27T22:30:53.492Z" NotOnOrAfter="2015-04-27T22:40:53.492Z">
<saml2:AudienceRestriction>
<saml2:Audience>...</saml2:Audience>
</saml2:AudienceRestriction>
</saml2:Conditions>
<saml2:AuthnStatement xmlns:saml2="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" AuthnInstant="2015-04-27T22:35:53.492Z" SessionIndex="">
<saml2:AuthnContext>
<saml2:AuthnContextClassRef>
urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport
</saml2:AuthnContextClassRef>
</saml2:AuthnContext>
</saml2:AuthnStatement>
<saml2:AttributeStatement xmlns:saml2="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">
<saml2:Attribute Name="uid" NameFormat="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:attrname-format:unspecified">
<saml2:AttributeValue xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="xs:string">email@example.com</saml2:AttributeValue>
</saml2:Attribute>
</saml2:AttributeStatement>
</saml2:Assertion>
</o:Embedded>
</o:SecurityTokenReference>
</o:Security>
</s:Header>
<s:Body>
<t:RequestSecurityToken xmlns:t="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/02/trust">
<wsp:AppliesTo xmlns:wsp="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/policy">
<a:EndpointReference>
<a:Address/>
</a:EndpointReference>
</wsp:AppliesTo>
<t:KeyType>
http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/NoProofKey
</t:KeyType>
<t:RequestType>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/02/trust/Issue</t:RequestType>
<t:TokenType>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion</t:TokenType>
</t:RequestSecurityToken>
</s:Body>
</s:Envelope>