Is it harder (or impossible) to implement mutation testing in some languages than others? For example, is it possible to implement mutation testing in functional programming languages?
3 Answers
There seems to be some recent research from Oregon State on a mutation testing framework for Haskell called MuCheck: http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~alipour/pub/mucheck.pdf http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~alipour/pub/fp_mutation.pdf
The code is available at https://bitbucket.org/osu-testing/mucheck.git

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There is no specific language support in .NET. However there are frameworks that use features of .NET to acheive mutation testing. One such framework, its early days of development is
I know the guys working on this, so consider this a shameless plug, but the team includes some very active and accomplished stack overflow contributors. They are all unashamed geeks and c#/.net experts, so you should have confidence in the quality of the project.
As I mentioned, it is in the very first few weeks of development, and it is well worth watching. If you have a feature request, now is the time to mention it.

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I don't see any reason why it would be impossible in any language.
I'm certainly no expert, but I would think that mutation testing would be easier in functional languages. Mutations can be done by redefining operators in functional languages as easily as functions are defined in other languages.

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