That's because you are not doing anything with the results of the replace:
e.g.
$('.pr-page-prev').text($('.pr-page-prev').text().replace(/«/, ''));
Or using a function instead of the value:
$('.pr-page-prev').text(function(){ return $(this).text().replace(/«/, ''));
http://jsfiddle.net/TrueBlueAussie/t1rru99a/6/
Or better yet, combine them both into a single operation (the Regex shown will match either character):
$('.pr-page-prev,.pr-page-next').text(function () {
return $(this).text().replace(/[«»]/, '')
});
JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/TrueBlueAussie/t1rru99a/9/