Each node (node = document or folder) with alfresco has a "NodeRef" property. That's the unique id to use.
You can obtain the NodeRef in many different ways:
- When searching for objects in a tree, you get back an array with objects as result (including NodeRef properties)
- When creating an object with the API, the return is an object reference
- By using the web admin GUI, you can look at the details of a file or folder and see the different properties for that file/folder. NodeRef should be one of the properties listed in the GUI.
Once you know the NodeRef you can access your content with the url like this (example)
/alfresco/api/-default-/public/cmis/versions/1.1/atom/content?id=824ba7cd-dcee-4908-8917-7b6ac0611c97
The returned object should be the node content.