I had this problem, because of an invalid comment above the line in the INI file which was stopping the parser from reading any further. (I'd used a # not a ;)
I discovered it by scrolling a little further back to the top when inspecting the options.
# php -i | grep xd
PHP: syntax error, unexpected '(' in /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/xdebug.ini on line 11
/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-xdebug.ini,
xdebug
xdebug support => enabled
...
Otherwise to look for where the settings might be overridden, search for "ini" in the settings:
# php -i | grep ini
Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/etc/php
Scan this dir for additional .ini files => /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d
Additional .ini files parsed => /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-bcmath.ini,
/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-pcntl.ini,
/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-pdo_mysql.ini,
/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-xdebug.ini,
/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/xdebug.ini
...