You should be doing something like what user DeeMac already suggested. What you need to do is to keep track of the state of notifications sent with something like this:
var notClicked = [];
window.plugin.notification.local.onclick(function(id, state, json) {
// Iterate through the notClicked and remove the one with same id.
});
var id = "...";
window.plugin.notification.local.add({id: id});
notClicked.push({id: id, remindersSent: 0});
setTimeout(function() {
// Here loop through your data structure and
// for each item send the reminder and increase the remindersSent by one
// if remindersSent == 3, handle it as you wish (add reminder for one week from now)
}, 10000); // Every tenth second
The example doesn't try to be ready code for you to use, you need to alter it to fulfill your needs.