Tycho and Eclipse differ in how they determine the test runtime:
In Eclipse, by default the entire target platform and all projects from the workspace are included in the test runtime.
In Tycho, only the test bundle/fragment and its transitive dependencies are part of the test runtime. If your test has implicit dependencies, e.g. on a bundle which provides some UI via an extension point, you need to explicitly configure these in Tycho.
With the following build configuration, you can for example include the feature org.eclipse.rcp
and all its transitive dependencies into the test runtime:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.tycho</groupId>
<artifactId>target-platform-configuration</artifactId>
<version>${tycho-version}</version>
<configuration>
<dependency-resolution>
<extraRequirements>
<requirement>
<type>eclipse-feature</type>
<id>org.eclipse.rcp</id>
<versionRange>0.0.0</versionRange>
</requirement>
</extraRequirements>
</dependency-resolution>
</configuration>
</plugin>