How do I convert [Size]byte to string in Go?

Question

I have a sized byte array that I got after doing md5.Sum().

data := []byte("testing")
var pass string 
var b [16]byte
b = md5.Sum(data)
pass = string(b)

I get the error:

cannot convert b (type [16]byte) to type string

Answer 1

You can refer to it as a slice:

pass = string(b[:])

Answer 2

A little late but keep in mind that using string(b[:]) will print mostly invalid characters.

If you're trying to get a hex representation of it like php you can use something like:

data := []byte("testing")
b := md5.Sum(data)

//this is mostly invalid characters
fmt.Println(string(b[:]))

pass := hex.EncodeToString(b[:])
fmt.Println(pass)
// or
pass = fmt.Sprintf("%x", b)
fmt.Println(pass)

playground

Answer 3

it can be solved by this

pass = fmt.Sprintf("%x", b)

or

import "encoding/base64"
pass = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(b[:])

this will encoding it to base64 string

Answer 4

Update 02/01/2023

Per this, unsafe: add StringData, String, SliceData, the reflect.StringHeader and reflect.SliceHeader may be deprecated in Go 1.20. And the unsafe.StringData, unsafe.String, and unsafe.SliceData will replace them, refer to 1.20 release note

The unsafe package defines three new functions SliceData, String, and StringData. Along with Go 1.17's Slice, these functions now provide the complete ability to construct and deconstruct slice and string values, without depending on their exact representation.

func String2Bytes(s string) []byte {
    if s == "" {
        return nil
    }
    return unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(s), len(s))
}

func Bytes2String(b []byte) string {
    if len(b) == 0 {
        return ""
    }
    return unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(b), len(b))
}

---

Before Go 1.20

func Bytes2StrImp(b []byte) string {
    sliceHeader := (*reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
    var s string
    sh := (*reflect.StringHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
    sh.Data = sliceHeader.Data
    sh.Len = sliceHeader.Len
    return s
}

The above solution converts the byte array to string through Pointer operation. The string(b[:]) will do a new string object and copy data from the byte array to the string.

Benchmark result with string(b[:])

func Bytes2StrRaw(b []byte) string {
    return string(b[:])
}

BenchmarkBytes2StrRaw-12              275305142                4.40 ns/op
BenchmarkBytes2StrImp-12              1000000000               0.315 ns/op

---

Although there are some simple answers here, I want to give one more efficient solution

func Bytes2StrImp(b []byte) string{
    sliceHeader := (*reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
    sh := reflect.StringHeader{
        Data: sliceHeader.Data,
        Len:  sliceHeader.Len,
    }
    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&sh)) // go vet error possible misuse reflect.StringHeader
}

---

Answer 5

Make a slice of it:

pass = string(b[:])

Answer 6

Not for printing hex-encoded strings, but in the general case when the [size]byte array may contain invalid UTF-8 sequence(s), then according to this answer they can be converted into valid UTF-8 using

s := string([]rune(string(b[:])))

Example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unicode/utf8"
)

func main() {
    b := [1]byte{0xff}
    s := string(b[:])
    fmt.Println(s, []byte(s), utf8.Valid([]byte(s)))
    // Output: � [255] false

    s = string([]rune(string(b[:])))
    fmt.Println(s, []byte(s), utf8.Valid([]byte(s)))
    // Output: � [239 191 189] true
}

Answer 7

I found these comments really unhelpful because they assume OP just wants a literal string of the []byte.... but if you were like me and need utf8 decoded bytes as a string you can use this:

import  "unicode/utf8"
func bytesToUtf8(b []byte) string {
    var myString = "";
    for i := 1; i <= len(b); i++ {
        r, _ := utf8.DecodeRune(b[i-1:i])
        myString += string(r)
    }
    return myString
}
var uselessBytes := []byte{123,34,...}
helpfulUtf8String := bytesToUtf8(uselessBytes)

Answer 8

you can try

b.decode("utf-8")

please let me know, is that help you or not? strong text