There are youtube videos that tell you to go set DATA EXECUTION PROTECTION to resolve. This is a red herring. Its also potentially harmful, especially if you are running old dos apps (because you have to for some reason).
If the program throws a unhandled exception , of any sort , you will get this error message.
If you launched it with this code paragraph...
Dim psi As New ProcessStartInfo(pathToTarget)
Dim p As Process = Process.Start(psi)
Dim bIfinished As Boolean = p.WaitForExit(itimeout)
If bIfinished = False Then
p.Kill()
End If
iretVal = p.ExitCode
pathToTarget is the full path to your target exe/bat (TARGET) file
timeout is an integer that represents milliseconds. 2 minutes would be 2*60*1000
bfinished will be true if the program ended by itself. NOTE- this is not the return code. If it failed to finish in (2 minutes in this example) bFinished will be false.
p.ExitCode can be checked to see what the TARGET returned. Typically a 0 is success and anything else is an error code.
This is the message box mentioned by OP, (autoAging happens to be the exe I used to demonstrate this) . It also says 'XYZ has stopped working'. Google needs to know that!

Note that code will continue running in YOUR app so you can do clean up if you like. Clicking or not clicking "Close Program" has no effect on HOST that I have been able to tell.
If you own the code to the TARGET, make sure you handle all errors and return an appropriate code. That way your calling app (HOST) can know how to react.
You also avoid this msgbox.
If you don't own the code to TARGET, you just have to do the best you can. If there is some output you can readily check, do that. Otherwise I'd assume failure and proceed on that assumption.
This message box does consume resources. Although its not a huge issue, enough of them will run your box out of memory.