Just trying to understand that - I have never used it before. How is a culture different to ToUpper() / ToLower()??
3 Answers
As SLaks says, different cultures handle casing differently.
A specific example from MSDN:
In most Latin alphabets, the character i (Unicode 0069) is the lowercase version of the character I (Unicode 0049). However, the Turkish alphabet has two versions of the character I: one with a dot and one without a dot. In Turkish, the character I (Unicode 0049) is considered the uppercase version of a different character ı (Unicode 0131).

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Different cultures have different rules for converting between uppercase and lowercase characters.
They also have different rules for comparing and sorting strings, and for converting numbers and dates to strings.

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The Turkish I is the most common example of cultural differences in case mappings, but there are many others.
I recommend checking out the Unicode Consortium's information on this.

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