I have since contracted JetBrains via e-mail support, and came to a sudden realization. I was working in a Portable Class Library solution. I will attach the e-mail correspondence from my side to this answer and will update this answer with follow-up responses (If any) for those who might have a similar problem at this moment.
Thank you for your quick reply. I have now installed 8.2.1000.4556 and
updated the ExternalAnnotations extension to 8.2.1001. The
aforementioned "ReSharper Code Contracts 1.0.0" plugin is actually
called "ReSharper.ContractExtensions 0.7.51" on the plugin page. I am
using .NET 4.5, and I did not define compilation symbols nor did I
reference any Code Contracts related library.
However, I seem to have neglected to mention that I was working in a
Portable Class Library project. Since I did not think about this
possibility at all, I created a test project to test my ReSharper
installation with. I used a regular project and a Portable Class
Library project. The result may not be surprising for you: everything
works as intended in the regular project, but Code Contracts are not
recognized in the Portable Class Library.
It is therefore easy to conclude that there is no support yet for
Portable Class Libraries, or this is merely something that has not
been tested. I have attached the test project to this e-mail. If you
open the "Class1.cs" file in the "ClassLibrary1" project from VS2013
Update 2 with ReSharper 8.2.1, you should see the same warnings as I
do.
I hope you will consider adding support for these project types. I can
only imagine it is something little going wrong in a support
detection, but alas, I do not know your code base nor should I try to
guess. I can only hope you will consider this feature.