PHP 5.5 Classname Resolution

Question

PHP 5.5 has implemented as a new feature a new way to retrieve the classname through the syntax ::class:

<?php

namespace Testing;

class Test{}

echo Test::class; // Testing\Test;

This works perfectly, alright? BUt what me and some other friends wanted to know is why this syntax also returns a classname when used alongside an undeclared class. E.g.:

<?php

echo UndeclaredClass::class; // UndeclaredClass

In several other cases an error is raised, but not here. Anyone know, with concrete basis if possible, why does this happen?

Does it have anything to Late Static Bindings or it's just a (temporary) limitation/bug of this brand new feature?

Interesting question. Why not ask (or refer to this page) on the PHP Developers mailing list? — Borislav Sabev, Jun 30 '14 at 09:16
Well yes, since I know how complicated it is: http://bg2.php.net/contact.php http://bg2.php.net/support.php Your best & fast bet is the mailing list since there is NO OFFICIAL IRC channel. Please share the answer here after. — Borislav Sabev, Jun 30 '14 at 12:53

score 5 · Accepted Answer · answered Jun 30 '14 at 19:03

Finally an official answer... relatively speaking. It was presented to me by someone identified by requinix@php.net in a bu report i created today. The only exception is about how involved with PHP development this person is.

TL;DR

PHP doesn't need ot know the definition of a class to get its fully-qualified name. All the required informations are available in compile-time so it doesn't need to load it.

Director's Cut

Namespaces like the uses are resolved in compile-time, i.e., when the file is compiled before its execution. That's why there are strict requirements in order to use them.

Because of all of those requirements, when PHP encounters a class name it can immediately know its fully-qualified name. Thinking of it as a filesystem the namespace would be a directory for relative locations and the use would be symlinks.

The class name is either absolute ("\Testing\Test") or relative ("Test"), and if relative it could be a normal name. ^{[more context required]}

namespace Testing {
    echo Test::class; // \Testing + Test = \Testing\Test
}

Or an alias:

use Testing\Test as AliasedTest;
echo AliasedTest::class; // AliasedTest + use = \Testing\Test

Without all of this autoloading wouldn't work!

::class is just a new tool to expose information PHP has always known.

This "extended answer" is pretty much the same of what I received as bug report. The reason of so much apparent copy & paste is because, originally, I built up this answer for another Stack Overflow Community

Can you explain why `echo UndeclaredClass::class;` does not throw an error for you? — Daniel W., Jul 02 '14 at 15:54
The person who answered my support ticket explained me that the classname is obtained before instantiate the object itself and thus no error is raised as the class doesn't need to be loaded. — , Jul 02 '14 at 16:16
Well this is actually very useful - it allows IDE's to catch typos at design time, without the potential overhead at runtime (think lazy registering with an IOC container). Thanks for getting an official statement — Steve, Aug 25 '15 at 12:45

score 0 · Answer 2 · answered Jul 30 '14 at 15:48

You can use get_class function get the class name with the namespace. It will be the good to use it. Here is the code which you can try this code:

<?php
namespace Testing;

class Test{
    public function abc()
    {
        echo "This is the ABC.";
    }
}

namespace Testing1;

class Test{
    public function abc()
    {
        echo "This is the ABC.";
    }
}
// echo Test::class; // Testing\Test;
$test =  new Test();

print_r(get_class($test));
// echo "<br>";
// echo UndeclaredClass::class;
?>

Although I appreciate your answer, that's not the point of the question. I wasn't try to retrieve the classname. Instead I was trying to understand why such feature didn't raise an error. — , Jul 30 '14 at 16:04

PHP 5.5 Classname Resolution

2 Answers2

TL;DR

Director's Cut

Linked