How to add whitespace to an RMarkdown document?

Question

Is there a way to do it by adding latex code in the text or does the solution lie in (R)Markdown?

No sign of a solution here: http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/pdf_document_format.html

At present I'm bodging a solution by adding my monospace signature to the bottom of the 1st page, to force the next section to start on page 2: https://github.com/Robinlovelace/Creating-maps-in-R/blob/master/intro-spatial-rl.pdf

score 47 · Answer 1 · answered Oct 19 '14 at 03:42

47

Another easy way to do this is to just use HTML tags. Adding <br> will give a single line break and I've used that when, for whatever reason, using the (two-space indentation) is ignored.

answered Oct 19 '14 at 03:42

Zoë Clark

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Another fix is putting a backslash `\\` just in front of the newline, resulting in a blank line in the html. I also find that two-spaces followed by newline does not work. – bdemarest Sep 04 '15 at 21:34

score 47 · Answer 2 · answered Apr 25 '16 at 03:19

47

To create vertical space (Markdown to PDF), I use  

This command works like \vspace{12pt} for latex.

answered Apr 25 '16 at 03:19

NotYourIPhone Siri

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Fantastic! This works beautifully. Thank you kindly. – Seanosapien Jun 05 '17 at 19:46
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No downvote or anything, just clarify that works for pdf but not html – Conner M. Oct 29 '18 at 16:12
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what is equivalent of `\vspace{-12pt}`? – Dayne Aug 11 '20 at 19:11

score 22 · Accepted Answer · answered Jun 26 '14 at 09:23

22

You can use latex inside your Rmd file. To have a page break, just add \newpage.

example.Rmd

Title
====================

This is a test Rmd document. 

\newpage

Second page
====================

This text is on the second page

You make a pdf using render("example.Rmd", output_format='pdf_document')

Hope it helps,

alex

answered Jun 26 '14 at 09:23

alko989

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Wow it's that simple. Having just found that you can also add footnotes (see discussion here http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/markdown_document_format.html ) I'm beginning to think (R)Markdown is the format to rule them all. – RobinLovelace Jun 26 '14 at 16:17

score 16 · Answer 4 · answered Oct 09 '20 at 04:07

16

You can also use inline LaTeX to create a 1-inch vertical space like this:

text text text

$$\\[1in]$$

text text text

Note that you have to leave a blank line before and after the $$\\[1in]$$

answered Oct 09 '20 at 04:07

David Lovell

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awesome . . . fyi, this does work in HTML – Mike M Feb 17 '21 at 15:49
It surely does. It creates a math box full of nothing, but taking up 1 inch of vertical space – David Lovell Apr 23 '21 at 11:11
[WARNING] Could not convert TeX math '\\[1in]', rendering as TeX: \\[1in] ^ unexpected "[" expecting "%", "\\label", "\\nonumber" or whitespace – Magnus Aug 03 '21 at 08:23
genius level - the cleanest and simplest solution I've seen yet. No need to learn css, etc... – MikeS Mar 01 '23 at 21:28

score 0 · Answer 5 · answered Feb 06 '23 at 07:56

\pagebreak can be used the whitespace of an RMarkdown document. Alternatively, cat("\n\n\\pagebreak\n") can be used within an R script.

Example:

Here I insert some text into an RMarkdown document.


  cat("  \n## And here I am demonstrating text within an R script. \n")
  
  cat("  \n### More text. \n")

  cat("  \n### Add page break... \n")
  
  cat("\n\n\\pagebreak\n")

  cat("  \n### Item on new page. \n")

How to add whitespace to an RMarkdown document?

5 Answers5