- CDH 4.x includes Mahout 0.7
- CDH 5.0.x includes Mahout 0.8
- CDH 5.1.x, when released, is likely going to include Mahout 0.9, but don't quote me on that
The default build of all of these versions of Mahout are for Hadoop 1.x, not 2.x. So the answer is that 0.9 actually works primarily with the older Hadoop versions, and minimum version you can use it with is at most 1.x.
Later versions (from about 0.8?) have some support for building with an alternate Maven profile that should interoperate with Hadoop 2. If you like, you can always play with the build to get a release that probably works with a given Hadoop distribution's Hadoop version.
Since even CDH 4.x was based on Hadoop 2.x, the distribution of Mahout 0.7 included packaging changes that also managed to make it interoperate on Hadoop 2. Other vendors do something similar, and those changes have gone back upstream.
So the CDH distribution of each of these versions is already compatible with their matched releases of Hadoop, even where based on Hadoop 2.
CDH 5.0.0 is basically based on Hadoop 2.3. You can use Mahout 0.9 with it by targeting Hadoop release 2.3.0 in its build and then using your own build of Mahout on the cluster.