This is just a piece of code, I don't see any reason it would exceed even 1MB.
Your executable size is 5MB because you're linking in a library that's 5MB in size. The portion of the final executable that's due to your own code is likely pretty small, but you have to consider the size of the library that you've included.
Unlike system frameworks, which are dynamically linked, third party libraries are statically linked. The whole thing is copied into your executable at link time, which means that each library you add will increase your executable size.
How can I reduce this?
The Core Plot source code is available if you don't already have it, so you could try to pare it down to a more limited form that excludes the things you don't need. For example, if you're not using pie charts in your app, you might remove CPTPieChart.m/h. Core Plot has a lot of features (annotations, animation, etc.) that you might not need in your app, and removing those could help reduce your app's footprint.
If you go this route, you might want to do it by adding a new target to the Core Plot project that includes only the parts you need -- that will make it easier to incorporate updates to Core Plot as they come along.