Jekyll/Octopress uses Liquid Templates to parse these things.
As far as I know, you can't call two functions within a tag like that. You can however specify variable names in tags:
using Liquid variables inside of a liquid tag call
I tried Googling a bit and didn't see anything pop up for calling two functions within one tag.
IMO, I'd recommend creating a custom tag to do exactly what you want. I have created several custom plugins to Octopress because I needed such customization. The plugins, which is just Ruby. is pretty straight forward.
So, copy the existing img_tag.rb and call it, mycustom_img_tag.rb or whatever, and perform your magic within the render() method.
For example, here's my HTML5 audio player tag I wrote where I needed to know what extension the audio file was (specified in the url) in order to specify the content type:
https://github.com/eduncan911/eduncan911.github.io/blob/b89f47cd86c37f2cfb5c3093612fe0a049808325/plugins/audio_tag.rb
^- NOTE: It is incomplete and all the options doesn't work as I specified. You can see what works in the render() section, where I just parse the data-* attributes manually (I ran outta time and just made it work).
I basically used two other plugins as a template and created this one.
You have access to the entire Octopress methods and variables in your plugin - there are no restrictions to the entire code base.