As far as i know this notation does not exist, also i haven't seen the concept of inheritance on handlebars templates layer.
However, i can think of two ways to achieve what you want,
1. using the {{partial}}
helper http://emberjs.com/guides/templates/rendering-with-helpers/
The {{partial}}
helper can render the header part and it can be included only on those templates of the pages that require the header.
2. using layouts http://emberjs.com/guides/views/adding-layouts-to-views/
Have two layouts one with the header and another without it, then specify on the pages/views that need the header the corresponding layout using the layoutName
property.