There's multiple ways of accomplishing this;
You can do like they're saying with Clip
<Rectangle Height="200" Width="200" Fill="Red">
<Rectangle.Clip>
<RectangleGeometry Rect="10,0,200,200"/>
</Rectangle.Clip>
</Rectangle>
Except the problem with that is (like you pointed out) is it's dependent on knowing the dimensions and isn't very intuitive. There's ways using code behind to specify a way of having more active control over your Rect Geometry like shown here or here.
However there's also ways around that which is kind of cheating, like using a panel type that will do it for you like ScrollViewer
<ScrollViewer Width="100" Height="100" Padding="0"
HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled">
<Rectangle Fill="Red" Margin="-10,0,0,0"/>
</ScrollViewer>
Cool thing about any XAML is, if there's a will, then there's usually a way. Hope this helps.