There is certainly no portable or general-purpose way of blocking display size changes. Specific terminal emulators might offer this feature, but I don't know of any which do. It is generally possible to create a window of fixed size, but the terminal emulator would have to do that; it is invisible to the console code running inside the terminal.
If you find it difficult to respond to dynamic display size changes, you probably need to restructure your code. Otherwise, you can just ignore the size change, which might result in a confusing experience for your users, or might just result in them seeing either a portion of the output or a lot of blank space, depending on the nature of the resizing. (To get the latter effect, you need to avoid relying on automatic line wrapping and scrolling. On the other hand, automatic wrapping and scrolling are often just what you need to make your application window-size-independent.)