The table type is listed in several places that can be looked at via the following system tables (sys.sysobjects, sys.indexes, sys.table_types and sys.types).
I can understand that table_types is a subset of types. Therefore, those two places are where to look for my table type AssociativeArray in my AdventureWorks2012 database.
The question I have is why is it looking like a table in sysobjects and sysindexes?
We have not defined any use for the variable yet. However, it looks like a table. It must be how the engine defines meta data for future use.
One take away, does the information in sysobjects and sysindexes get updated a run-time when we declare a variable of type AssociativeArray?
Also, what happens when two SPIDS create the same variable at the same time with different data being inserted?
That is a in-depth engine question that maybe a someone from Microsoft CAT team might know off the top of their head.
I guess I could do some research to find out.

Enclosed is a link stating that table variables use tempdb. That is what I know is a fact. Again, I wonder if the sys.objects and sys.indexes get updated or just place holders.
http://databases.aspfaq.com/database/should-i-use-a-temp-table-or-a-table-variable.html