A thin client URI is a web address that you can type to see details about a file or folder, on a nice web user interface.
For instance, my Android app uses Alfresco's CMIS API, but for complex operations (eg. to start a workflow on this file), you could click on a link and it would bring you to the fully-fledged web interface (provided by the Alfresco server).
How to calculate this thin client URI, for any Alfresco folder/document?
A good start is to use the thinClientURI feature of the CMIS protocol. Unfortunately it only work for the root of the repository.
A perfect algorithm would show Alfresco Share nodes in their Alfresco Share site, rather than in Share's generic Repository Browser.