Is there anything I can add to emacs that will make as much as possible in as many modes as possible colorized, including bold and italic?
3 Answers
In addition to using color or custom themes, as @Link mentioned, some modes provide for multiple levels of such syntax highlighting (called font-locking). See user option font-lock-maximum-decoration
.
And some 3rd-party libraries specifically add more highlighting, sometimes by adding more font-lock levels. A good example of this is library Dired+, which provides much more highlighting, and more control over highlighting, than does the out-of-the-box Dired mode.

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Perhaps you are looking for colour or custom themes? I'm not sure if you could do bold or italic, but I'm pretty sure there may be a plugin for that.
This is derived from a popular twilight theme, which can just be inserted into your .emacs
file and then modified by you in any manner you see fit:
(set-mouse-color "sienna1")
(set-cursor-color "#DDDD00")
(custom-set-faces
'(default ((t (:background "#141414" :foreground "#CACACA"))))
'(blue ((t (:foreground "blue"))))
'(border-glyph ((t (nil))))
'(buffers-tab ((t (:background "#141414" :foreground "#CACACA"))))
'(font-lock-builtin-face ((t (:foreground "#CACACA"))))
'(font-lock-comment-face ((t (:foreground "#5F5A60"))))
'(font-lock-constant-face ((t (:foreground "#CF6A4C"))))
'(font-lock-doc-string-face ((t (:foreground "DarkOrange"))))
'(font-lock-function-name-face ((t (:foreground "#9B703F"))))
'(font-lock-keyword-face ((t (:foreground "#CDA869"))))
'(font-lock-preprocessor-face ((t (:foreground "Aquamarine"))))
'(font-lock-reference-face ((t (:foreground "SlateBlue"))))
'(ruby-string-delimiter-face ((t (:foreground "#5A6340"))))
'(ruby-regexp-delimiter-face ((t (:foreground "orange"))))
'(ruby-heredoc-delimiter-face ((t (:foreground "#9B859D"))))
'(ruby-op-face ((t (:foreground "#CDA869"))))
'(font-lock-regexp-grouping-backslash ((t (:foreground "#E9C062"))))
'(font-lock-regexp-grouping-construct ((t (:foreground "red"))))
'(minibuffer-prompt ((t (:foreground "#5F5A60"))))
'(ido-subdir ((t (:foreground "#CF6A4C"))))
'(ido-first-match ((t (:foreground "#8F9D6A"))))
'(ido-only-match ((t (:foreground "#8F9D6A"))))
'(mumamo-background-chunk-submode ((t (:background "#222222"))))
'(linum ((t (:background "#141314" :foreground "#2D2B2E"))))
'(hl-line ((t (:background "#212121"))))
'(region ((t (:background "#373446"))))
'(yas/field-highlight-face ((t (:background "#27292A"))))
'(mode-line ((t (:background "grey75" :foreground "black" :height 0.8))))
'(mode-line-inactive ((t (:background "grey10" :foreground "grey40" :box (:line-width -1 :color "grey20") :height 0.8))))
'(magit-item-highlight ((t (:background "#191930"))))
'(magit-diff-add ((((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "green"))))
'(org-hide ((((background dark)) (:foreground "#141414"))))
'(outline-4 ((t (:foreground "#8F8A80"))))
'(diff-removed ((((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "orange"))))
'(diff-added ((((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "green"))))
'(font-lock-string-face ((t (:foreground "#8F9D6A"))))
'(font-lock-type-face ((t (:foreground "#9B703F"))))
'(font-lock-variable-name-face ((t (:foreground "#7587A6"))))
'(font-lock-warning-face ((t (:background "#EE799F" :foreground "red"))))
'(gui-element ((t (:background "#D4D0C8" :foreground "black"))))
'(region ((t (:background "#27292A"))))
'(highlight ((t (:background "#111111"))))
'(highline-face ((t (:background "SeaGreen"))))
'(left-margin ((t (nil))))
'(text-cursor ((t (:background "yellow" :foreground "black"))))
'(toolbar ((t (nil))))
'(underline ((nil (:underline nil))))
'(zmacs-region ((t (:background "snow" :foreground "blue"))))
)

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