I've researched the topic a bit, it seems that the answer is 'impossible' on GLES 2.0 + GLSL, but nevertheless I'd dare to ask again.
In my code, LOD depends not only on distance from camera (in addition, this dependency is unusual), but from camera pitch angle. So far, it seems impossible to simulate that behavior using regular LOD calculation method. But I hope I really missed something. Code is available here https://github.com/osmandapp/OsmAnd-core/blob/master/src/Map/OpenGL_Common/AtlasMapRenderer_OpenGL_Common.cpp#L226