Take a look at the tests included in the multiple passport strategies. They often offer good examples of mocks for the entire interaction (for unit tests). Integration tests will require the entire flow (and likely some UI automation tool). Here's an example on Facebook strategy tests.
I'm not aware of any "dev only" credentials from any of these providers. In any case you will have to setup callback URLs pointing back to your app. Hopefully you will not do this very often...
In our system (which is an intermediary for authentication), we decided to supply default credentials for all well-known identity providers, if you don't want to deal with that while you are testing. In production, it is recommended that you get your own registration. The final architecture would be slightly different though, and not sure it would fit your needs:
App (passportjs) -> Our Server -> * Identity Providers
Note: even though ours is a paid service, the free tier allows you to do tests with no expiration.