Most likely this is a qt project file.
Contents should be somewhat similar to this:
######################################################################
# Automatically generated by qmake (2.01a)
######################################################################
TEMPLATE = app
TARGET =
DEPENDPATH += .
CONFIG += console
QT += opengl
# Input
SOURCES += main.cpp
If contents are significantly different (there are no "TEMPLATE", "SOURCES", etc), then it is something else.
To compile this project, you need qt installed and configured on your system, so you can use qmake. You can also download QtCreator, which might be easier for you to use.
You need to use qmake tool to generat visual studio solution file from this *.pro file.
Qt is a "broad" topic, so if you need to learn qt, I suggest to read through its documentation.