in VS 2022 I've been doing some C# and had the same problem with the default grid element (the form) being zoomed way out in the Designer, so it looked extremely small, and the controls were super tiny. I found the following Microsoft page that explains how to change the zoom feature (yes, Visual Studio 2022 has a zoom feature). https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-set-grid-options-for-all-windows-forms?view=netframeworkdesktop-4.8
So, I went into the Tools menu, down to Options, and then in the Options window I scrolled down to the XAML Designer General option. I changed the "Zoom by using" setting to "Mouse Wheel". Using "Ctrl + Mouse Wheel" didn't work for me. And I changed the "Default Zoom Setting" to "Last Used". I closed VS and opened it again. "Last Used" didn't work for me. So, I changed the "Default Zoom Setting" back to "Fit all". Closed VS again (you need to do this for the new settings to take effect). Opened VS again. And everything worked. I am able to use the mouse wheel to zoom in and out of the form. The settings I'm using are "Mouse Wheel" and "Fit All".