"Cache-control: max-age can be useful also when we output HTML. Imagine pages generated by PHP that changed not so often, once per day or even longer. But browsers still have to download HTML every page view.
We can improve it by sending max-age value in PHP.
header('Cache-Control: max-age=28800');
This way we set desirable cache lifetime to 8 hours. Now if someone is clicking a link for second time within 8 hours period he gets the page instantly.
Max-age also helps to make proxy servers more efficient. We can easily organize transparent server-side caching by adding proxy server to web frontend.
Note that there is not easy case if pages have content that changes often and that’s relevant.
For example, there can be difficulties in caching pages with login form that transforms into some box with «Hello username» after user login or if there are user comments, the user who posted commentary will not see it. Because we cannot ask browser to destroy cache entry, it will still get the old page from cache.
The solution can be using Javascript to generate login box (requires enabled Javascript). If we set a cookie after user logged in, we can check it on client-side and generate suitable content for the logged in user. This way the content will be the same from server side view and can be cached."
Details can be found here[http://www.webscalingblog.com/performance/caching-http-headers-cache-control-max-age.html]