I have used paired t-test to validate the hypothesis using my data from R. Is there any research article related to t-test in R?
If there is any article related to t-test in R, please let me know.
I have used paired t-test to validate the hypothesis using my data from R. Is there any research article related to t-test in R?
If there is any article related to t-test in R, please let me know.
A good place to look in general for citations is the documentation of the function. In this case however, a paired t-test is so basic that you can simply refer to an introductory statistics book that describes the test.
I agree with Paul that for the paired t-test with a pooled SD (mean of pretest SD and posttest SD), you don't necessarily need a citation.
Nevertheless, there are more sophisticated methods like raw score standardization or change score standardization, e.g. implemented by the metafor
package.
So for what it's worth, here are some related references.
Morris, Scott B. 2008. “Estimating Effect Sizes From Pretest-Posttest-Control Group Designs.” Organizational Research Methods 11 (2): 364–86. Davis, John M. 1993. “Experiments Involving Paired Comparisons” 18 (3): 271–79.
Fritz, Catherine O., Peter E. Morris, and Jennifer J. Richler. 2012. “Effect Size Estimates: Current Use, Calculations, and Interpretation.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 141 (1): 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024338.
Lakens, Daniël. 2013. “Calculating and Reporting Effect Sizes to Facilitate Cumulative Science: A Practical Primer for t-Tests and ANOVAs.” Frontiers in Psychology 4 (NOV): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863.
Morris, Scott B., and Richard P. DeShon. 2002. “Combining Effect Size Estimates in Meta-Analysis with Repeated Measures and Independent-Groups Designs.” Psychological Methods 7 (1): 105–25. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.105.
O’Brien, Fearghal, and Denis Cousineau. 2015. “Representing Error Bars in Within-Subject Designs in Typical Software Packages.” The Quantitative Methods for Psychology 11 (2): 126–126. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.11.2.p126.
Cousineau, Denis. 2005. “Confidence Intervals in Within-Subject Designs: A Simpler Solution to Loftus and Masson’s Method.” Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology 1 (1): 42–45.