The output is depended on the stored data an the appropriate conversion.
If the stored data is binary e.g. Bitmaps, converting to text will never give a usable result.
If data stored is text, it could be Varchar or NVarchar and kind conversion is depending.
in the example below VC_VB2NVarchar and VC_IMG2NVarchar would display your described garbage characters
Declare @tab Table(nvc NVarchar(100),vc Varchar(100)
,img image,vb VarBinary(200),img2 image,vb2 VarBinary(200))
Insert into @tab (nvc,vc) Values ('123456789','123456789')
Update @tab set vb=Convert(VarBinary(200),nvc),img=Convert(Image,Convert(Varbinary(max),nvc))
,vb2=Convert(VarBinary(200),vc),img2=Convert(Image,Convert(Varbinary(max),vc))
Select nvc,vc
,CONVERT(Nvarchar(100),vb) as NVC_VB2NVarchar
,CONVERT(Varchar(200),vb) as NVC_VB2Varchar
,CONVERT(Nvarchar(100),Convert(VarBinary(max),img)) as NVC_IMG2NVarchar
,CONVERT(Varchar(200),Convert(VarBinary(max),img)) as NVC_IMG2Varchar
,CONVERT(Nvarchar(100),vb2) as VC_VB2NVarchar
,CONVERT(Varchar(200),vb2) as VC_VB2Varchar
,CONVERT(Nvarchar(100),Convert(VarBinary(max),img2)) as VC_IMG2NVarchar
,CONVERT(Varchar(200),Convert(VarBinary(max),img2)) as VC_IMG2Varchar
from @Tab