This is not possible in general, you are trying to access to image inside PCL using the Uri formatted as Windows Phone one.
The idea of PCL is to avoid platform specific parts and provide a common way to work with code. As a result images and other resources are not included.
You can move images to WP project. Anyway there is no sence to use them in W8 application. You need higher resolution images and so on.
There is a nice article about resources in PCL.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh871422.aspx
The main idea is - you can store only string-based resorces inside:
The exclusion of other ResourceManager
members from the Portable Class
Library means that serialized objects, non-string data, and images
cannot be retrieved from a resource file. You may be able to work
around this limitation by storing object data in string form. For
example, you can store numeric values in a resource file by converting
them to strings, and you can retrieve them and then convert them back
to numbers by using the numeric data type's Parse or TryParse method.
You can convert images or other binary data to a string representation
by calling the Convert.ToBase64String
method, and restore them to a
byte array by calling the Convert.FromBase64String
method.
p.s. Here, you can find a long thread about it. There are some "solutions", but I'd prefer to store images in platform-specific assemblies if it's possible.